Wahi a nā ʻano hana like ʻole o nā laser infrared hawewe pōkole, aia ʻekolu ʻano o nā lasers infrared hawewe pōkole, ʻo ia hoʻi nā laser semiconductor, nā laser fiber a me nā lasers solid-state.Ma waena o lākou, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā lasers solid-state i nā lasers solid-state e pili ana i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka nalu lōʻihi nonlinear a me nā lasers solid-state e hoʻopuka pololei i nā laser infrared pōkole mai nā mea hana laser.
Hoʻohana nā laser Semiconductor i nā mea semiconductor e like me nā mea hana laser, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka hawewe laser e hoʻoholo ʻia e ka ʻāpana o nā mea semiconductor.Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻepekema waiwai, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia nā pūʻulu ikehu o nā mea semiconductor i kahi ākea ākea o nā lōʻihi hawewe laser ma o ka ʻenehana band ikehu.No laila, hiki ke loaʻa nā lōʻihi hawewe infrared infrared me nā laser semiconductor.
ʻO ia ka mea hana laser maʻamau o ka laser semiconductor infrared pōkole he mea phosphor.No ka laʻana, he laser indium phosphide semiconductor me ka nui aperture o 95 μm i loaʻa nā lōʻihi hawewe laser o 1.55 μm a me 1.625 μm, a ua hiki ka mana i 1.5 W.
Hoʻohana ʻo Fiber laser i ka fiber glass rare-earth-doped glass e like me ka laser medium a me ka laser semiconductor ma ke kumu puna.Loaʻa iā ia nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi e like me ka paepae haʻahaʻa, ka hoʻololi kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻololi ʻana, ka maikaʻi o ka beam hoʻopuka maikaʻi, ka hana maʻalahi, a me ka hilinaʻi kiʻekiʻe.Hiki iā ia ke hoʻohana i ka laulā ākea o ka honua ion radiation e hana i kahi laser fiber tunable ma o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea koho koho e like me nā gratings i ka resonator laser.Ua lilo ka fiber laser i mea nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻenehana laser.
1.Solid-state laser
ʻO ka pāpaʻi loaʻa laser paʻa i hiki ke hoʻopuka pololei i nā laser infrared pōkole ʻo Er: YAG crystals and ceramics, a me ke aniani Er-doped.ʻO ka laser solid-state e pili ana iā Er: YAG crystal a me nā ceramics hiki ke hoʻopuka pololei i ka 1.645μm pōkole infrared laser, kahi wahi wela i ka noiʻi o ka laser infrared pōkole i nā makahiki i hala iho nei [3-5].I kēia manawa, ʻo ka ikaika pulse o Er: YAG lasers e hoʻohana ana i ka electro-optic a i ʻole acousto-optic Q-switching ua hiki i kahi liʻiliʻi a hiki i ka ʻumi o mJ, kahi ākea pulse o nā ʻumi o ns, a me ke alapine repetition o nā ʻumi a hiki i nā tausani o Hz.Inā hoʻohana ʻia kahi laser semiconductor 1.532 μm e like me ke kumu puna, e loaʻa iā ia nā pōmaikaʻi nui ma ke kahua o ka laser active reconnaissance a me nā mea hoʻohālikelike laser, ʻoi aku ka hopena o kāna hopena stealth ma nā mea hoʻolaha laser maʻamau.
ʻO Er glass laser he hana paʻa, haʻahaʻa ke kumu kūʻai, ke kaumaha māmā, a hiki ke hoʻomaopopo i ka hana Q-hoʻololi.ʻO ia ke kumu kukui i makemake ʻia no ka ʻike ikaika ʻana o ka laser infrared hawewe pōkole.Eia naʻe, ma muli o nā hemahema ʻehā o nā mea aniani Er: ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ka nalu waena o ka spectrum absorption ʻo 940 nm a i ʻole 976 nm, kahi e paʻakikī ai ka hoʻokō ʻana i ke kukui;ʻO ka lua, he paʻakikī ka hoʻomākaukauʻana i nā mea aniani Er aʻaʻole maʻalahi ka hanaʻana i nā nui nui;ʻO ke kolu, ke aniani Er He ʻino nā mea wela, a ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hana pinepine pinepine no ka manawa lōʻihi, e waiho wale i ka hana mau;ʻo ka hā, ʻaʻohe mea hoʻololi Q kūpono.ʻOiai ʻo ka noiʻi ʻana o ka laser infrared pōkole e pili ana i ke aniani Er ua hoihoi mau i ka manaʻo o nā kānaka, ma muli o nā kumu ʻehā ma luna, ʻaʻohe huahana i puka mai.A hiki i ka makahiki 1990, me ka puka ʻana mai o nā pahu laser semiconductor me nā hawewe nalu o 940 nm a me 980 nm, a me ka puka ʻana mai o nā mea absorption saturated e like me Co2 +: MgAl2O4 (cobalt-doped magnesium aluminate), ʻelua bottlenecks nui o ka puna puna a me ka Q-switching. ua haki.Ua ulu wikiwiki ka noiʻi ʻana i nā laser aniani.ʻOi loa i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ke kaumaha ma mua o 10 g, ʻo ka miniature Er aniani laser module, ka mea e hoʻohui i ke kumu semiconductor pump, Er aniani a me ka resonant cavity, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 10 g, a he liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ka mana hana o 50 kW peak mana modules.Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka hana wela o nā mea aniani Er, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka hana pinepine ʻana o ka module laser.ʻO ka pinepine laser o ka module 50 kW he 5 Hz wale nō, a ʻo ka nui o ka laser frequency o ka module 20 kW he 10 Hz, hiki ke hoʻohana wale ʻia i nā noi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
ʻO ka puka laser 1.064 μm e ka Nd:YAG pulsed laser he mana kiʻekiʻe a hiki i nā megawatts.Ke hele aku nei kekahi kukui pili ikaika i kekahi mau mea kūikawā, ua hoʻopuehu ʻia kona mau kiʻi kiʻi ma luna o nā molekala o ka mea, ʻo ia hoʻi, komo nā kiʻi a hana ʻia nā kiʻi kiʻi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.ʻElua ʻano mea e hiki ai ke hoʻokō i kēia hopena hoʻololi pinepine: ʻo kekahi nā kristal nonlinear, e like me KTP, LiNbO3, etc.;ʻo ke kinoea kiʻekiʻe e like me H2.E kau iā lākou i loko o ka lua resonant optical e hana i kahi oscillator parametric optical (OPO).
ʻO ka OPO e pili ana i ke kinoea piʻi kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i kahi Raman i hoʻoulu ʻia e hoʻopuehu ana i ka māmā parametric oscillator.Hoʻopili hapa ʻia ke kukui pamu a hoʻohua i ka nalu māmā haʻahaʻa.Hoʻohana ka laser Raman makua i ka laser 1.064 μm e paʻi i ke kinoea kiʻekiʻe H2 no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka laser infrared hawewe pōkole 1.54 μm.
KI'I 1
ʻO ka noi maʻamau o ka ʻōnaehana GV infrared pōkole he kiʻi lōʻihi i ka pō.Pono ka laser illuminator he laser infrared pōkole puʻupuʻu pōkole me ka mana kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, a ʻo kona alapine repetition pono e kūlike me ke alapine kiʻi o ka pahu pahu pahu.Wahi a ke kūlana o kēia manawa o nā laser infrared pōkole ma ka home a ma waho, ʻo Er: YAG lasers a me OPO-based 1.57 μm solid-state lasers nā koho maikaʻi loa.Pono e hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ke alapine repetition a me ka mana kiʻekiʻe o ka laser aniani Er miniature.3.Ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka laser infrared hawewe pōkole i ka anti-reconnaissance photoelectric
ʻO ke kumu o ka hawewe infrared laser anti-reconnaissance, ʻo ia ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana i ka ʻenemi optoelectronic reconnaissance lako hana i loko o ka puʻupuʻu infrared pōkole pōkole me nā kukuna laser infrared pōkole, i hiki ke loaʻa i ka ʻike kuhi hewa a ʻaʻole hiki ke hana maʻamau, a i ʻole. ua poino ka mea ike.ʻElua mau ʻano hana anti-reconnaissance laser infrared pōkole maʻamau, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻopunipuni hoʻopunipuni mamao i ka mea hoʻopalekana laser palekana o ke kanaka a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka pōʻino i ka pahu kiʻi infrared hawewe pōkole.
1.1 Hoʻopilikia i ka hoʻopunipuni mamao i ka ʻike ʻike laser palekana maka kanaka
Hoʻololi ka pulsed laser rangefinder i ka mamao ma waena o ka pahu hopu a me ka pahu hopu ma ka manawa o ka pulse laser e hoʻi ana ma waena o ka wahi hoʻomaka a me ka pahuhopu.Inā loaʻa i ka mea ʻike rangefinder nā puʻupuʻu laser ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka hōʻea ʻana o ka hōʻailona echo o ka pahu hopu i ka wahi hoʻomaka, e hoʻōki ia i ka manawa, a ʻo ka mamao i hoʻololi ʻia ʻaʻole ia ka mamao maoli o ka pahu hopu, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka mamao maoli o ka pahu hopu.ʻO ka mamao wahaheʻe, kahi e hoʻokō ai i ke kumu o ka hoʻopunipuni ʻana i ka mamao o ka rangefinder.No nā mākaʻikaʻi laser palekana maka, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā laser pulse infrared pōkole o ka lōʻihi hawewe like e hoʻokō i ka hoʻopunipuni hoʻopunipuni mamao.
ʻO ka laser e hoʻokō ana i ka hoʻopunipuni hoʻopunipuni mamao o ka rangefinder e hoʻohālikelike i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana o ka pahu i ka laser, no laila haʻahaʻa loa ka mana kiʻekiʻe o ka laser, akā pono e hoʻokō ʻia nā kūlana ʻelua:
1) Pono ka lōʻihi hawewe laser e like me ka lōʻihi o ka hawewe hana o ka rangefinder i hoʻopili ʻia.Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi kānana interference i mua o ka mea ʻike rangefinder, a he haiki loa ka bandwidth.ʻAʻole hiki i nā laser me nā hawewe ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka nalu hana ke hiki i ka ʻili kiʻi kiʻi o ka mea ʻike.ʻO nā lasers 1.54 μm a me 1.57 μm me nā lōʻihi hawewe like ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopilikia kekahi i kekahi.
2) Pono ke kiʻekiʻe o ke alapine repetition laser.Pane ka mea ʻike maka i ka hōʻailona laser a hiki i kona ʻili kiʻi kiʻi wale nō ke ana ʻia ka laulā.No ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hoʻopilikia maikaʻi ʻana, pono ka puʻupuʻu interference e ʻomi ma ka liʻiliʻi loa i loko o ka puka hawewe rangefinder 2 a 3 mau puʻupuʻu.ʻO ka puka ākea i hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia i kēia manawa aia ma ke kauoha o μs, no laila pono i ka laser interfering e loaʻa i ke alapine repetition kiʻekiʻe.ʻO ka lawe ʻana i kahi mamao o 3 km ma ke ʻano he laʻana, ʻo ka manawa i koi ʻia no ka laser e hoʻi a hoʻi i hoʻokahi manawa he 20 μs.Inā hoʻokomo ʻia ka liʻiliʻi o 2 mau puʻupuʻu, pono ke piʻi ʻana o ka laser repetition frequency i 50 kHz.Inā he 300 m ka palena haʻahaʻa loa o ka mea ʻimi laser, ʻaʻole hiki ke emi iho ka pinepine hana o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe ma mua o 500 kHz.ʻO nā laser semiconductor wale nō a me nā laser fiber hiki ke hoʻokō i kahi helu kiʻekiʻe o ka repetition.
1.2 Hoʻopilikia a hoʻopōʻino i nā kāmela infrared hawewe pōkole
Ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka ʻōnaehana kiʻi infrared hawewe pōkole, ʻo ka pahu kiʻi kiʻi infrared hawewe pōkole he palena koʻikoʻi o ka mana optical pane o kāna InGaAs focal plane detector.Inā ʻoi aku ka mana optical i ka palena kiʻekiʻe o ka laulā dynamic, e hiki mai ka saturation, a ʻaʻole hiki i ka mea ʻike ke hana i ke kiʻi maʻamau.ʻO ka mana kiʻekiʻe E hoʻopilikia mau ka laser i ka mea ʻike.
ʻO nā laser semiconductor mana hoʻomau a haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me nā laser fiber me ke alapine repetition kiʻekiʻe e kūpono no ka hoʻopaʻa hoʻomau mau ʻana o nā kāmela infrared hawewe pōkole.E hoʻomālamalama mau i ka pahupaʻikiʻi infrared hawewe pōkole me ka laser.Ma muli o ka hopena condensing hoʻonui nui o ka lens optical, ʻo ka wahi i hiki ʻia e ka laser diffused spot ma ka InGaAs focal plane ua piha loa, a no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke kiʻi maʻamau.Ma hope wale nō o ka pau ʻana o ka laser irradiation no kekahi manawa, hiki ke hoʻi mālie ka hana kiʻi i ka maʻamau.
Wahi a nā hopena o nā makahiki he nui o ka noiʻi ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā huahana countermeasure ikaika laser i nā ʻāpana ʻike a kokoke i ka infrared a me nā hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka pōʻino o ka māla, ʻo nā laser puʻupuʻu pōkole wale nō me ka mana kiʻekiʻe o nā megawatts a ma luna e hiki ke hōʻeha i ka TV. nā kiʻi paʻi kiʻi ma kahi mamao o nā kilomika.poino.Inā hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka hopena pōʻino, ʻo ka mana kiʻekiʻe o ka laser ke kī.ʻOiai ka lōʻihi o ka mana kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka paepae pōʻino o ka detector, hiki i kahi pulse hoʻokahi ke hōʻino i ka mea ʻike.Mai ka hiʻohiʻona o ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻolālā laser, ka wela a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana, ʻaʻole pono ka hoʻihoʻi pinepine ʻana o ka laser i ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kāmela a i ʻole ke kiʻekiʻe aʻe, a hiki i ka 10 Hz a 20 Hz ke hālāwai me nā noi hakakā maoli.ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa nā kāmela infrared pōkole.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea ʻike mokulele kikowaena InGaAs i nā CCDs pōkā uila e pili ana i InGaAs/InP electron migration photocathodes a me CMOS i kūkulu ʻia ma hope.ʻO kā lākou saturation a me nā paepae pōʻino i ka like o ka nui me ka Si-based CCD/CMOS, akā ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā mea ʻike InGaAs/InP.Kekahi a me ka pōʻino paepae ʻikepili o CCD/COMS.
Wahi a ke kūlana o kēia manawa o nā laser infrared pōkole ma ka home a ma waho, ʻo ka 1.57 μm repetitive frequency solid-state laser e pili ana i ka OPO ʻo ia ka mea maikaʻi loa no ka hōʻino ʻana i ka laser i ka CCD / COMS.ʻO kāna hana kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ke komo ʻana o ka lewa a me ka mana kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe pōkole pulse laser ʻO ka uhi wahi kukui a me nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi o ka pulse hoʻokahi i ʻike ʻia no ka mana pepehi palupalu o ka ʻōnaehana optoelectronic lōʻihi i hoʻolako ʻia me nā kāmela infrared pōkole.
2 .Hoʻoholo
ʻO nā lasers infrared pōkole me nā lōʻihi nalu ma waena o 1.1 μm a me 1.7 μm he kiʻekiʻe ka transmittance lewa a me ka ikaika ikaika e komo i ka haze, ka ua, ka hau, ka uahi, ke one a me ka lepo.ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia e nā lako ʻike maka pō haʻahaʻa.ʻO ka laser ma ka 1.4 μm a hiki i ka 1.6 μm band he palekana no ka maka o ke kanaka, a he mau hiʻohiʻona kūikawā e like me ka mea ʻike makua me ka lōʻihi o ka hawewe pane i kēia pae, a ua lilo i alakaʻi hoʻomohala koʻikoʻi no nā noi koa laser.
Hoʻopili kēia pepa i nā ʻano ʻenehana a me ke kūlana o nā lasers infrared hawewe pōkole maʻamau, me nā laser semiconductor phosphor, nā lasers Er-doped fiber, nā lasers solid-state Er-doped, a me nā lasers solid-state o OPO, a hōʻuluʻulu i ka hoʻohana. ʻO kēia mau lasers infrared hawewe pōkole i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka photoelectric active reconnaissance.Nā noi maʻamau i ka anti-reconnaissance.
1) Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka mana hoʻomau a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe pinepine pinepine phosphor semiconductor lasers a me Er-doped fiber lasers no ke kukui kōkua no ka mākaʻikaʻi stealth lōʻihi a me ka manaʻo i ka pō a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka hoʻopilikia ʻana i nā kiʻi kamepiula infrared pōkole.ʻO nā lasers semiconductor semiconductor pōkole puʻupuʻu puʻupuʻu kiʻekiʻe a me nā lasers Er-doped fiber he mau kumu kukui maikaʻi nō hoʻi no ka ʻōnaehana multi-pulse e palekana ana i ka maka, ka radar scanning imaging a me ka palekana laser rangefinder mamao hoʻopunipuni hoʻopunipuni.
2) Hiki ke hoʻohana nui ʻia nā lasers paʻa o OPO me ka helu haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa akā me ka mana kiʻekiʻe o nā megawatts a i ʻole ʻumi megawatts hiki ke hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka radar kiʻi uila, ka nānā ʻana i ka laser gating mamao i ka pō, pōʻino laser infrared pōkole a ʻano kuʻuna mamao kanaka maka palekana palekana laser ranging.
3) ʻO ka laser aniani Er miniature ʻo ia kekahi o nā kuhikuhi wikiwiki loa o nā laser infrared hawewe pōkole i nā makahiki i hala.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka mana o kēia manawa a me ka hoʻihoʻi pinepine ʻana i nā mea hoʻohana laser palekana palekana.I ka manawa, hiki i ka mana kiʻekiʻe ke piʻi i ka pae megawatt, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka radar kiʻi uila, ka nānā ʻana i ka laser gating, a me ka hōʻino ʻana i ka laser i nā kāmela infrared hawewe pōkole.
4) ʻO ka diode-pumped Er: YAG laser nāna e hūnā i ka mea hoʻolaha laser ke alakaʻi hoʻomohala nui o nā lasers infrared hawewe pōkole kiʻekiʻe.Loaʻa iā ia ka mana hoʻohana nui i ka lidar flash, ka nānā ʻana i ka gating laser lōʻihi i ka pō, a me ka pōʻino laser.
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, no ka mea he kiʻekiʻe a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻōnaehana mea kaua no ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana optoelectronic, ua lilo ka mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me ka māmā laser i mea hiki ʻole i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā lako laser.ʻO nā laser Semiconductor, nā laser fiber a me nā laser miniature me ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ke kaumaha māmā a me ka hoʻohana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa Er aniani lasers ua lilo i alakaʻi nui o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā laser infrared pōkole.ʻO ka mea kūikawā, ʻo nā laser fiber me ka maikaʻi o ka beam maikaʻi loa i hiki ke hoʻohana nui i nā kukui kōkua i ka pō, ka nānā ʻana a me ka ʻimi ʻana, ka nānā ʻana i ka lidar kiʻi, a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka laser suppression interference.Eia nō naʻe, he haʻahaʻa loa ka mana / ikehu o kēia mau ʻano laser liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a māmā, a hiki ke hoʻohana wale ʻia no kekahi mau noiʻi pōkole pōkole, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokō i nā pono o ka nānā ʻana a me ka counter reconnaissance.No laila, ʻo ka manaʻo o ka hoʻomohala ʻana e hoʻonui i ka mana laser / ikehu.
ʻO nā lasers solid-state i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka OPO he maikaʻi ka beam maikaʻi a me ka mana kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, a ʻo kā lākou mau mea maikaʻi i ka nānā ʻana i ka puka lōʻihi, ʻike maopopo ʻia ka radar kiʻi uila a me ka pōʻino laser, a pono e hoʻonui hou ʻia ka ikaika o ka laser a me ka pinepine pinepine. .No nā lasers diode-pumped Er:YAG, inā e hoʻonui ʻia ka ikehu pulse i ka wā e hoʻopili hou ʻia ka laulā pulse, e lilo ia i mea koho maikaʻi loa i nā lasers solid-state OPO.Loaʻa iā ia nā pōmaikaʻi i ka nānā ʻana i ka puka lōʻihi, flash imaging radar, a me ka pōʻino laser.Hiki ke noi nui.
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