Hoʻohana ka Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) i nā ʻano mea like ʻole e like me ka erbium (Er3+) ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻonui.Hoʻopili ʻia ia i loko o ka fiber core i ka wā o ka hana ʻana.Loaʻa iā ia kahi ʻāpana pōkole o ka fiber (maʻamau 10 m a i ʻole) i hana ʻia me ke aniani kahi i hoʻohui ʻia ai kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka erbium ma ke ʻano he dopant ma ke ʻano o ka ion (Er3+).No laila, hana ka silica fiber ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokipa.ʻO ia ka dopants (erbium) ma mua o ka silica fiber ka mea e hoʻoholo ai i ka lōʻihi o ka hawewe hana a me ka bandwidth loaʻa.Hoʻohana maʻamau nā EDFA ma ka ʻāpana hawewe 1550 nm a hiki ke hāʻawi i nā mana ma mua o 1 Tbps.No laila, hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou i nā ʻōnaehana WDM.
Hoʻohana ʻia ke kumu o ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana no ka mīkini hoʻonui o ka EDFA.Ke noho ka dopant (he erbium ion) i kahi kūlana ikaika nui, hiki i ka photon hanana o ka hōʻailona optical hoʻokomo e hoʻoulu iā ia.Hoʻokuʻu ʻo ia i kekahi o kona ikehu i ka dopant a hoʻi i kahi kūlana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ("stimulated emission") i ʻoi aku ka paʻa.Hōʻike ka kiʻi ma lalo i ke ʻano kumu o kahi EDFA.
1.1 Hoʻolālā kumu o kahi EDFA
Hoʻopuka maʻamau ka diode laser pump i kahi hōʻailona opi o ka nalu nalu (ma 980 nm a i ʻole 1480 nm) ma ka mana kiʻekiʻe (~ 10-200 mW).Hoʻohui ʻia kēia hōʻailona me ka hōʻailona hoʻokomo māmā i ka ʻāpana erbiumdoped o ka fiber silica ma o ka hui WDM.Na nā ion erbium e hoʻopaʻa i kēia ikehu hōʻailona pump a lele i ko lākou kūlana hauʻoli.Hoʻopili ʻia kahi ʻāpana o ka hōʻailona kukui puka a hoʻihoʻi ʻia i ka hoʻokomo ʻana o ka laser pamu ma o kāna kānana a me ka mea ʻike.Hoʻohana ʻia kēia ma ke ʻano mana mana mana manaʻo e hana i nā EDFA ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻonui hoʻoponopono ponoʻī.I ka pau ʻana o nā electrons metastable a laila ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻonui hou ʻia.No laila, ho'opa'a 'akomi 'ia ka 'ōnaehana no ka mea 'ane'ane mau ka mana o ka EDFA me ka nānā 'ole i ka loli o ka mana ho'okomo, inā he.
1.2 Hoʻolālā hana maʻalahi o kahi EDFA
Hōʻike ka kiʻi i luna i ka schematic hana maʻalahi o kahi EDFA kahi i hoʻohui ʻia ai kahi hōʻailona pamu mai ka laser i kahi hōʻailona optical input (ma 1480 nm a i ʻole 980 nm) ma o kahi hui WDM.
Hōʻike kēia kiʻi i kahi mea hoʻonui EDF maʻamau.ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka nalu o ka hōʻailona pamu (me ka mana pahū ma kahi o 50 mW) he 1480 nm a i ʻole 980 nm.Hoʻololi ʻia kekahi ʻāpana o kēia hōʻailona pamu i ka hōʻailona optical input e ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana i loko o kahi pōkole o ka fiber Erbium-doped.Loaʻa iā ia ka loaʻa optical maʻamau ma kahi o 5-15 dB a emi iho ma mua o 10 dB kiʻi leo.No ka hana 1550 nm, hiki ke loaʻa iā 30-40 dB optical gain.
1.3 Hoʻokō pono i kahi EDFA
Hōʻike ka kiʻi ma luna nei i kahi hana maʻalahi o kahi EDFA me kona ʻano hana i ka wā i hoʻohana ʻia i ka noi WDM.
E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia, loaʻa iā ia nā ʻāpana nui:
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He mea hoʻokaʻawale ma ka hoʻokomo.Mālama kēia i ka walaʻau i hana ʻia e kahi EDFA mai ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka hopena transmitter.
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He hui hui WDM.Hoʻohui ia i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa 1550 nm ka hōʻailona hōʻailona hōʻailona hōʻailona me ka mana kiʻekiʻe e pumping optical signal (mai ka puna puna e like me ka laser) ma 980 nm ka lōʻihi.
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He ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka fiber silica erbium-doped.ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, lawelawe kēia ma ke ʻano he mea hana o ka EDFA.
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He mea hoʻokaʻawale ma ka puka.Kōkua ia i ka pale ʻana i kekahi hōʻailona optical i hoʻihoʻi ʻia mai ke komo ʻana i ka fiber silica erbium-doped.
ʻO ka hōʻailona hoʻopuka hope loa he hōʻailona ʻikepili optical 1550 nm i hoʻonui ʻia me ke koena 980 nm wavelength pump hōʻailona.
Nā ʻano o ka Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFAs)
ʻElua ʻano hana o nā Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFAs):
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EDFA me ka pume hoolaha
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EDFA me ka pauma hoʻolaha kūʻē
Hōʻike ka kiʻi ma lalo nei i nā hoʻonohonoho pāpaʻi kūʻē a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka pauma bidirectional i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā hale EDFA.
ʻO nā hoʻonohonoho pāpaʻi like ʻole
ʻO ka pāpaʻi hoʻolaha EDFA e hōʻike ana i ka mana optical haʻahaʻa me ka leo haʻahaʻa;ʻoiai ke hāʻawi aku nei ka EDFA counter-propagating pump i ka mana optical puka kiʻekiʻe akā hoʻopuka pū kekahi i ka walaʻau.I loko o kahi EDFA pāʻoihana maʻamau, hoʻohana ʻia kahi paila bi-directional me ka hoʻolaha like ʻana a me ka hoʻopulapula counter-propagating e hopena i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻike.
No ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka EDFA ma ke ʻano he booster, in-line, a me pre-amplifier
I loko o kahi noi lōʻihi o kahi loulou kamaʻilio fiber optical, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā EDFA ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻonui hoʻonui i ka hoʻopuka o ka mea hoʻolele opua, kahi mea hoʻonui i ka laina me ka fiber optical a me kahi pre-amplifier ma mua o ka mea hoʻokipa, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi ma luna.
Hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia ua kau ʻia nā EDFA in-line ma 20-100 km ka mamao ma muli o ka nalowale o ka fiber.ʻO ka hōʻailona hoʻokomo optical aia ma 1.55 μm ka lōʻihi o ka nalu, ʻoiai ke hana nei nā lasers pump ma 1.48 μm a i ʻole 980 nm ka lōʻihi.ʻO ka lōʻihi maʻamau o ka fiber Erbium-doped he 10-50 m.
Mechanism Amplification in EDFAs
E like me ka mea i hōʻike mua ʻia, hoʻokumu ʻia ka mīkini hoʻonui i kahi EDFA i ka hoʻoulu ʻia e like me ka laser.ʻO ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe mai ka hōʻailona ʻonika (i hana ʻia e kekahi laser ʻē aʻe) e hoʻohauʻoli i nā ion erbium dopant (Er3+) i loko o kahi fiber silica ma ka mokuʻāina o luna.Hoʻoulu ka hōʻailona ʻikepili hoʻokomo i ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā ion Erbium hauʻoli i ka mokuʻāina haʻahaʻa o ka ikehu a me ka hopena i ka radiation o nā kiʻi me ka ikehu like, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka lōʻihi o ka nalu like me ka hōʻailona optical input.
Kiʻikuhi pae ikehu: Hōʻike nā iona Erbium manuahi i nā pae ʻokoʻa o ka pūʻali ikehu.Ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā ion Erbium i loko o kahi fiber silica, e māhele ʻia kēlā me kēia pae o ka ikehu i kekahi mau pae pili pili i mea e hoʻokumu ai i kahi hui ikehu.
1.4 Mea hoʻonui i ka EDFA
No ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hoʻohuli ʻana o ka heluna kanaka, ua hoʻomāke ʻia nā ion Er3+ ma ka pae waena 2. Ma ke ala pololei (980-nm pumping), hoʻoneʻe mau ʻia nā ion Er3+ mai ka pae 1 a i ka pae 3. Ua ukali ʻia e ka palaho non-radiatively i ka pae 2, mai kahi e hāʻule ai lākou i ka pae 1, e hoʻomālamalama ana i nā hōʻailona optical i ka lōʻihi nalu makemake ʻia o 1500-1600 nm.ʻIke ʻia kēia ʻano hana hoʻonui 3-level.
No nā huahana Erbium-doped hou aku, e ʻoluʻolu e nānā i kā mākou pūnaewele.
https://www.erbiumtechnology.com/erbium-laser-glasseye-safe-laser-glass/
E-mail:devin@erbiumtechnology.com
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Manawa Hou: Jul-05-2022
